Advancement of high temperature gas cooled reactors for. The peach bottom reactor the peach bottom reactor was a prototype high temperature reactor htr developed in the united states to prove the concept of using a high temperature gaseous coolant to. Therefore, an epithermal, gascooled reactor looks small to neutrons compared to a thermal, watermoderated reactor, even though the physical size is much larger. Benchmark of the modular hightemperature gascooled. Heat transfer in spherical fuel elements june 1983 editor. Status of high temperature gascooled reactor technology. System description the configuration that is considered in this example is a direct twoshaft closed intercooled recuperated brayton cycle as shown in figure 1. For example, htgrs make it possible to produce hydrogen with its high temperature heat supply. A hybrid simulator was made to calculate the dynamics of high temperature gas cooled reactor vhtr. Modular hightemperature gascooled reactor power plant kurt. Thermally simulated testing of a directdrive gascooled. The status of hightemperature gascooled reactor development. The vhtr is a type of hightemperature reactor htr that can conceptually have an outlet temperature of c.
B enchmark of the modular hightemperature gascooled reactor mhtgr 350 mw core design. This reactor, initially developed to generate about 100 kw th. Iaeatecdoc1645 high temperature gas cooled reactor fuels and materials international atomic energy agency vienna, 2010. It can supply nuclear heat and electricity over a range of core outlet temperatures between 700 and 950c, or more than 1 000c in future. These are the second generation of british gascooled reactors, using graphite as the neutron moderator and carbon dioxide as coolant. These are the second generation of british gas cooled reactors, using graphite as the neutron moderator and carbon dioxide as coolant. Kairat kadyrzhanov, general director of the national nuclear center, said friday the project envisions constructing a 50megawatt high temperature gas cooled reactor in kurchatov, known as a onceclosed city when the central asian country was part of the soviet union. There are two competitive designs of this reactor type. Consider conditions for which the helium temperature is te 600 k and the convection coefficient at the outer surface of the graphite is h 2000 wim. Description of the advanced gas cooled type of reactor agr. All these reactors are primarily fuelled by triso tri isostructural coated particles.
An advanced gascooled reactor agr is a type of nuclear reactor designed and operated in the united kingdom. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr nuclear power plant npp that was discussed in the case study titled steadystate simulation of a twoshaft hightemperature gascooled reactor nuclear power plant. Sinha reactor engineering division, bhabha atomic research centre a b s t r a c t chtr is mainly a 233uthorium fuelled, leadbismuth cooled and beryllium oxide moderated reactor. System description the configuration that is considered in this example is a direct two. The thorium high temperature reactor in germany operated for 4 years, and japans high temperature engineering test reactor demonstrated 850c outlet temperatures. The reactor design will be a graphite moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor that will produce electricity and hydrogen in a highly efficient manner. Reactor core design of hightemperature gascooled reactors part 2. A gas cooled reactor gcr is a nuclear reactor that uses graphite as a neutron moderator and carbon dioxide as coolant. Main outcomes of a project in psi jarmo kalilainen 1, warren schenler 2, jiri krepel 3, terttaliisa lind 4 paul scherrer institut ch5232 villigen, switzerland jarmo. The reactor and the nuclear heat supply system nhss are comprised of three major components.
Over the past five decades, high temperature gascooled reactors htgrs have. Solved a hightemperature, gascooled nuclear reactor. Benchmarking of the mit high temperature gascooled. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the. Draft preapplication safety evaluation report for the modular hightemperature gascooled reactor nureg38 was written in early 1989. Development of the a high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr, a concept with more than three decades of history behind it, in 2016 has had several new breakout milestones in china and the u. An htgr is a graphitemoderated, heliumcooled reactor with thermal neutron. High temperature gas reactors idaho national laboratory. Cost safety due to small core size, all htgrs have limited power levels and utilize passive features to achieve complete shutdown.
Htgr uses triso coated particle fuel, full ceramic core structure, and helium as coolant. High temperature gascooled reactorsnow more than ever. Years after startup of the first gas cooled nuclear reactor. They were basically natural uraniumfuelled piles, graphitemoderated and air cooled. Safety features of high temperature gas cooled reactor. The advantage of heating the gas turbines air with a reactor is not that great. History of gas cooled reactor development early gas reactors were used for plutonium production and aimed at military applications. In addition, this report includes updated information on high temperature gas cooled reactors htgrs at the time of writing, as well as additional. This approach is similar to the 30 mwhttrgas cooled reactor.
Commercial gas cooled reactors are currently in use only in the united kingdom. The fort saint vrain helium cooled gas reactor operated in colorado for 12 years, providing valuable insight into the challenges of a heliumcooled reactor. The modular high temperature gascooled reactor mhtgr in. Hightemperature gascooled reactor physics britannica. A hightemperature, gascooled nuclear reactor consists of a need more help. Thermal hydraulics of the very high temperature gas cooled. Part 6 high temperature gas cooled reactors there are various iterations on this concept, most notably the vhtr very high temperature reactor, an iaea proposed generation iv design, the pebble bed reactor or the httr in all cases they share a number of common characteristics, so i shall group them under the umbrella of high temperature. A hightemperature, gascooled nuclear reactor consists of a composite cylindrical wall for which a thorium fuel element k 57 wm k is encased in graphite k. Guo wentao, with the paul scherrer institut, delivers a presentation to panel iv of the schiller institutes international conference, fulfilling the dream of mankind, in bad soden, germany. International interest in developing high temperature gas cooled reactors is increasing because they can provide efficient and cost effective electricity and produce hightemperature process heat usable for various industrial applications. The high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr concept is a potential supplement to the light water reactor lwr, and thus it is useful to examine its potential inherent safety and to assess the implications of the accident at the three mile island nuclear generating station a light water reactor on htgr design. History and promise of high temperature gas cooled reactors. Commercial gas cooled nuclear power for electricity production started in 1956 with the operation of 4 units at calder hall, uk.
Provides readers with a thorough understanding of hightemperature reactor, their. History of gascooled reactor development early gasreactors were used for plutonium production and aimed at military applications. Modular high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr is considered as a kind of catastrophe free nuclear reactor and because of its meltdownimmune feature, the practical elimination of large radioactive release from nuclear power plants becomes reliable with this technology. In particular this report addresses the comments provided by inl and documented intev1463 rev. Design concept study for innovative high temperature gas. Stawicki submitted to the department of nuclear science and engineering on may 5, 2006 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of master of science in nuclear. Modular high temperature pebble bed reactor 1 10 mwe helium cooled indirect cycle 8 % enriched fuel built in 2 years factory built site assembled online refueling modules added to meet demand. High temperature gas cooled reactor march 2014 3 abstract in the u.
The torness agr plant on the lothian coastline of scotland, 60 km east of edinburgh. Gascooled reactors, high temperature gascooled reactors. The fuel, core structure, and coolant in htgr can all withstand high temperature. In march 2016 china installed the first of two reactor pressure vessels for a demonstration high temperature, gas cooled htgr pebble. Assessment of high temperature gascooled reactor htgr. The pin assembly consists of the fuel pin placed in a core matrix hastellay x to form an annular flow passage including a re riinwrap spacer.
Hybrid simulation of high temperature gas cooled reactor. The continuous spacediscrete time csdt method is applied to solve the partial differential equations of the heat transfer in the hybrid computation. A codetocode benchmark for high temperature gascooled reactor fuel element depletion. Apr 09, 2016 development of the a high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr, a concept with more than three decades of history behind it, in 2016 has had several new breakout milestones in china and the u. Htgcr high temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear reactor. Gas cooled reactors have had a long and varied history dating back to the very early days of nuclear energy development. From these models, a htgr design with a pebble bed core was chosen based on the following qualities. High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr component.
A cross sectional view of the gascooled reactor concept is shown in figure 3 and a more detailed view is in figwe 4. Htgr high temperature gascooled reactor hx heat exchanger htr high temperature reactor ihx intermediate heat exchanger kvk komponentenversuchskreislauf components test circuit form 412. Finis southworth chief technology officer areva inc. An advanced gas cooled reactor agr is a type of nuclear reactor designed and operated in the united kingdom. Investigating high temperature gascooled reactors for. The status of hightemperature gascooled reactor development and design in the united states and other countries important benefits are foreseen from smaller, modular systems by l. International interest in developing high temperature gas cooled reactors is increasing because they can provide efficient and cost effective electricity and produce high temperature process heat usable for various industrial applications. The status of high temperature gas cooled reactor development and design in the united states and other countries important benefits are foreseen from smaller, modular systems by l. High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr component test. No reprocessing high burnup 90,000 mwdmt direct disposal of hlw.
Other articles where hightemperature gascooled reactor is discussed. Commercial gascooled nuclear power for electricity production started in 1956 with the operation of 4 units at calder hall, uk. Consider conditions for which the helium temperature is t. Reactor phase ngnp noak reactor size 600 mwt 350 mwt 600 mwt 350 mwt. High temperature gascooled reactors lessons learned. A codetocode benchmark for hightemperature gascooled. Benchmarking of the mit high temperature gas cooled reactor trisocoated particle fuel performance model by michael a. The hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, as mentioned above in fuel types, is fueled by a mixture of graphite and fuelbearing microspheres. Draft preapplication safety evaluation report for the modular high temperature gas cooled reactor nureg38 was written in early 1989.
The reactor core can be either a prismatic block reminiscent of a. The fuel density that is, the power density is a parameter that can be selected by the reactor designer, subject to the restraints imposed by achieving sufficient. The ngnp reactor core will be either a prismatic graphite block type. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr, which is a graphite moderated, helium cooled reactor, is particularly attractive due to capability of producing high temperature helium gas and its inherent safety characteristics, as well as an option to efficiently burn weaponsgrade plutonium for energy production. The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. Simulation of a twoshaft hightemperature gascooled reactor nuclear power plant. During the late 1980s, the modular htgr was considered by doe as one of two possible reactor technologies for materials production goodjohn 1991. Geschaftsstelle des kerntechnischen ausschusses beim bundesamt fur strahlenschutz postfach 10 01 49, d38259 salzgitter, f. Part 6 high temperature gas cooled reactors daryanenergyblog. The vhtr is a next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors. The very high temperature reactor the term very high temperature reactor vhtr loosely covers any reactor design with a coolant outlet temperature of c or above. On behalf of the ngnp industrial alliance, llc washington dc section ans rockville, md april 12, 2011.
Nuclear engineering and design 109 1988 99105 northholland, amsterdam 99 the modular high temperature gascooled reactor mhtgr in the u. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors htgrs. The high temperature gascooled reactor jrc publications. Benchmark thermalhydraulic correlations that are used in the design of the gas cooled reactor. Significant efforts are underway in several member states to develop high temperature gas cooled reactors htgr based on either pebble bed or prismatic designs. Gascooled reactors have had a long and varied history dating back to the very early days of nuclear energy development. S department of energy doe is conducting research on the very high temperature reactor vhtr design concept for the next generation nuclear plant ngnp project. Modular high temperature pebble bed reactor modules added to meet demand. Reactor core design of high temperature gascooled reactors part 2. Current situation of hightemperature gascooled reactors in. Jan 29, 2018 guo wentao, with the paul scherrer institut, delivers a presentation to panel iv of the schiller institutes international conference, fulfilling the dream of mankind, in bad soden, germany.
Current situation of hightemperature gascooled reactors. No reprocessing h igh burnup 90,000 mwdmt d irect disposal of hlw process heat applications hydrogen, water 120 mwe helium cooled 8 % enriched fuel built in 2 years factory built s ite assembled online refueling. The high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr concept is a potential supplement to the light water reactor lwr, and thus it is useful to examine its potential inherent safety and to assess the implications of the accident at the three mile island. The high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr concept is a potential supplement to the light water reactor lwr, and thus it is useful to examine its potential inherent safety and to assess the implications of the accident at the three mile island nuclear generating station a. High temperature gas cooled reactors in a european electricity supply environment. The xe100 concept finalization xecf project will accelerate deployment of advanced reactors ars by enabling completion of xenergys gridscale high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr conceptual design while applying the riskinformed, performance based licensing framework. Setiadipura, workshop evaluasi desain htgr, bapeten, 22 april 20154232015 1. Kurbakov soviet atomic energy volume 68, pages 208 214 1990cite this article. Because the safe heat exchanger hx concept is similar in thermal and flow characteristics, both concepts will utilize the same facility saving time and money for testing. Although there are many other types of reactor cooled by gas, the terms gcr and to a lesser extent gas cooled reactor are particularly used to refer to this type of reactor the gcr was able to use natural uranium as fuel, enabling the countries that developed them to. Gascooled reactors have had a long and varied his tory dating back to the very early days of nuclear energy development. A gascooled reactor gcr is a nuclear reactor that uses graphite as a neutron moderator and carbon dioxide as coolant. High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr component test facility ctf identifier. The high temperature gas cooled reactors htgrs, with its inherent safety and high temperature heat supply of about oc atthe 3 exterior of the reactor, can achieve effective utilization of nuclear energy in various fields by stages.
High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr provides another solution. They were basically natural uraniumfuelled piles, graphitemoderated and aircooled. The agr was developed from the magnox reactor, the uks first. High temperature gas cooled reactor fuels and materials. Although there are many other types of reactor cooled by gas, the terms gcr and to a lesser extent gas cooled reactor are particularly used to refer to this type of reactor. Nea benchmark of the modular hightemperature gascooled. The thermal efficiency of these reactors is higher than that of light water reactors, and their high output temperature can be utilized for other industrial purposes such as hydrogen production and district heating. They have been the backbone of the uks nuclear generation fleet since the 1980s. The high temperature gascooled reactor next generation nuclear. The status of high temperature gascooled reactor development and design in the united states and other countries important benefits are foreseen from smaller, modular systems by l. No reprocessing h igh burnup 90,000 mwdmt d irect disposal of hlw process heat applications hydrogen, water 120 mwe helium cooled 8 % enriched fuel built in 2 years factory built s ite assembled on.
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